www.PlainAndSimpleInvesting.com

Build Wealth Simply & Confidently

Your complete guide to long-term, low-cost investing. Learn how to grow your wealth through tax-advantaged retirement accounts and diversified ETF portfolios—no complex strategies required.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Long-Term Investing

Master the foundational concepts that will guide your investment journey for decades to come.

Compound Growth

Einstein called it the "eighth wonder of the world." Compounding is when your investment earnings generate their own earnings over time.

  • Money grows exponentially, not linearly
  • Time is your greatest ally
  • Start early, even with small amounts
Learn More

Risk Tolerance

Your personal comfort level with investment volatility. Understanding this helps you build a portfolio you can stick with.

  • Conservative: Lower risk, stable growth
  • Moderate: Balanced approach
  • Aggressive: Higher risk, higher potential

Time Horizon

The length of time you plan to hold your investments before needing the money. Longer horizons allow for more risk.

  • Short-term: 0-5 years
  • Medium-term: 5-15 years
  • Long-term: 15+ years

The Four Pillars of Long-Term Investing Success

Start Early

Time in the market beats timing the market

Keep Costs Low

Every dollar in fees is a dollar not growing

Diversify Broadly

Don't put all your eggs in one basket

Stay the Course

Ignore short-term noise and stick to your plan

DEEP DIVE

The Power of Compounding

Understanding why compound interest is the most powerful force in wealth building.

What is Compound Interest?

Compound interest is interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods. Unlike simple interest, which only earns on the original amount, compound interest allows your money to grow exponentially over time.

The Compound Interest Formula

A = P(1 + r/n)nt

A = Final amount

P = Principal (initial investment)

r = Annual interest rate

n = Number of times compounded per year

t = Time in years

The Power of Starting Early

Investor A: Starts at 25

Invests $5,000/year for 10 years (ages 25-35)

Total invested: $50,000

Value at 65: ~$602,070

Investor B: Starts at 35

Invests $5,000/year for 30 years (ages 35-65)

Total invested: $150,000

Value at 65: ~$566,416

*Assuming 7% average annual return

Rule of 72

Divide 72 by your expected annual return to estimate how long it takes to double your money.

Example: At 7% return, 72 ÷ 7 = ~10.3 years to double

Time > Amount

Starting early with less money often beats starting late with more money due to compound growth.

Key insight: You can't make up for lost time

Stay Invested

Compounding works best uninterrupted. Withdrawing funds resets your compounding timeline.

Remember: Patience is a virtue in investing

CHAPTER 2

The Power of IRAs

Tax-advantaged retirement accounts are your most powerful wealth-building tools. Learn the differences and choose wisely.

Traditional IRA

Tax-Deferred

Contributions may be tax-deductible now, but you'll pay taxes when you withdraw in retirement.

Contribution Rules

  • • 2024 Limit: $7,000 ($8,000 if 50+)
  • • Contributions may be tax-deductible
  • • Deduction phases out at higher incomes if covered by workplace plan

Withdrawal Rules

  • • Withdrawals taxed as ordinary income
  • • 10% penalty before age 59½ (with exceptions)
  • • Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) at 73

Best For

  • • Those in high tax brackets now
  • • Expecting lower taxes in retirement
  • • Need current-year tax deduction

Roth IRA

Tax-Free Growth

Contributions are made with after-tax dollars, but qualified withdrawals in retirement are completely tax-free.

Contribution Rules

  • • 2024 Limit: $7,000 ($8,000 if 50+)
  • • Contributions are NOT tax-deductible
  • • Income limits: $161K single, $240K married (phase-out)

Withdrawal Rules

  • • Qualified withdrawals are 100% tax-free
  • • Contributions can be withdrawn anytime tax-free
  • • No Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)

Best For

  • • Young investors with long time horizons
  • • Those expecting higher taxes in retirement
  • • Flexibility and tax diversification

Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature Traditional IRA Roth IRA
Tax Deduction Now Yes (if eligible) No
Tax-Free Withdrawals No Yes (if qualified)
Income Limits For deductibility only Yes, for contributions
RMDs Required Yes, at 73 No
Early Withdrawal Penalty 10% + taxes Only on earnings
CHAPTER 3

Choosing a Brokerage

Where you invest matters almost as much as how you invest. Choose a platform that supports your long-term success.

Determining the Right Traditional Brokerage for Beginners

Traditional brokerages offer the stability, educational resources, and customer support that long-term investors need. Here's what to look for:

Low/No Fees

Commission-free trading and no account minimums

Education

Robust learning resources and research tools

Support

24/7 customer service with human representatives

Security

SIPC insurance and strong account protection

Fidelity

Top Pick
  • $0 commissions on stocks & ETFs
  • No account minimums
  • Excellent research & education
  • Zero expense ratio index funds
  • Fractional share investing
  • 24/7 customer support

Best for: Most beginners—excellent all-around platform with the lowest costs

Charles Schwab

Excellent
  • $0 commissions on stocks & ETFs
  • No account minimums
  • Schwab Intelligent Portfolios (robo)
  • Physical branch locations
  • Excellent banking integration
  • Strong mobile app

Best for: Those who want in-person support and integrated banking

Vanguard

Pioneer
  • $0 commissions on Vanguard ETFs
  • Industry-lowest expense ratios
  • Investor-owned structure
  • Target-date fund experts
  • Strong retirement focus
  • Less modern interface

Best for: Vanguard fund loyalists and long-term retirement investors

CHAPTER 4

Understanding ETFs

Exchange-Traded Funds are the perfect building blocks for beginner investors. Learn why they're superior to picking individual stocks.

What is an ETF?

An Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) is a basket of securities—stocks, bonds, or other assets—that trades on an exchange like a single stock. When you buy one share of an ETF, you're buying a small piece of hundreds or thousands of different investments.

Instant Diversification

Own hundreds of companies with a single purchase

Ultra-Low Costs

Expense ratios as low as 0.03% annually

Easy to Trade

Buy and sell anytime during market hours

ETFs vs. Other Investment Types

Individual Stocks Higher Risk

One company's performance affects your entire investment. Requires research and timing.

Mutual Funds Higher Fees

Similar diversification but often higher expense ratios. Can only trade once daily.

Index ETFs Best Choice

Low costs, broad diversification, tax-efficient, trades like stocks. Perfect for beginners.

US Total Market

Entire US stock market in one fund

Examples: VTI, ITOT, SWTSX

International

Non-US developed & emerging markets

Examples: VXUS, IXUS, SWISX

Bond ETFs

Fixed income for stability

Examples: BND, AGG, SCHZ

Total World

Global stocks in a single fund

Examples: VT, ACWI, SPGM

CHAPTER 5

Three Beginner ETF Portfolios

Simple, diversified, low-cost portfolios that can serve you for a lifetime. Choose based on your preference for simplicity vs. control.

Simplest 1 Fund

Total World Stock Portfolio

Maximum simplicity with global diversification

Allocation

Total World Stock 100%

Recommended ETFs

Vanguard: VT
iShares: ACWI
SPDR: SPGM

Best For:

  • • Complete beginners
  • • "Set it and forget it" investors
  • • Those who want zero maintenance
Expense Ratio: ~0.07% (VT)
Recommended 3 Funds

Three-Fund Portfolio

The gold standard for DIY investors

Allocation (Age-Based)

US Total Stock Market 50-60%
International Stocks 20-30%
US Bonds 10-30%

Recommended ETFs

VTI VXUS BND
ITOT IXUS AGG
SWTSX SWISX SCHZ

Best For:

  • • Most long-term investors
  • • Those who want some control
  • • Tax-loss harvesting opportunities
Blended Expense Ratio: ~0.05%
Automated 1 Fund

Target Date Fund

Automatic rebalancing as you age

How It Works

Choose the fund closest to your expected retirement year. The fund automatically shifts from stocks to bonds as you age.

Example: Retiring around 2055

Target Date 2055 Fund

Recommended Funds

Vanguard: VFFVX (2055)
Fidelity: FDEWX (2055)
Schwab: SWYJX (2055)

Best For:

  • • Truly hands-off investors
  • • 401(k) retirement accounts
  • • Those unsure about allocation
Expense Ratio: ~0.12-0.15%

Which Portfolio Should You Choose?

All three portfolios are excellent choices. The "best" one is the one you'll stick with through market ups and downs. Start simple—you can always adjust later as you learn more.

INTERACTIVE TOOLS

Investment Calculators

See the power of compound growth and plan your financial future with our interactive calculators.

Compound Interest Calculator

Retirement Savings Calculator

Roth vs Traditional IRA Calculator

Fee Impact Calculator

LEARN MORE

Educational Video Resources

Expand your knowledge with these curated video resources from trusted financial educators.

BEGINNER

Plain & Simple Investing

How to Invest for Beginners Guide

ESSENTIAL

The Power of Compound Interest

Visualize how compound interest can grow your wealth exponentially.

IRA

Roth vs Traditional IRA

Understand the key differences to choose the right IRA for you.

STRATEGY

Plain & Simple Investing

Type Of Brokerage Account

TECHNIQUE

Dollar-Cost Averaging Explained

Learn the simple strategy that removes emotion from investing.

IMPORTANT

Why Expense Ratios Matter

See how small fees can cost you hundreds of thousands over time.

These videos are from third-party educational sources. Plain & Simple Investing is not affiliated with these content creators.

TAKE ACTION

Step-by-Step: Start Investing Today

Follow this simple guide to open your first brokerage account and buy your first ETF.

1

Choose Your Brokerage

Select a traditional brokerage like Fidelity, Schwab, or Vanguard. All offer $0 commissions and no account minimums.

Recommendation: Fidelity is often the best choice for beginners due to its combination of low costs, excellent education, and user-friendly interface.

2

Open Your Account

Decide between a Roth IRA (recommended for most beginners) or a taxable brokerage account. You'll need:

  • Social Security Number
  • Government ID
  • Bank account info
  • Employment information
3

Fund Your Account

Link your bank account and transfer money. Consider setting up automatic monthly contributions.

Tip: Start with whatever you can afford—even $50/month makes a difference over time.

4

Buy Your First ETF

Search for your chosen ETF by its ticker symbol and place a market order during trading hours.

Example: Buying VT (Vanguard Total World Stock ETF)

  1. Search "VT" in your brokerage's trade window
  2. Select "Buy" and enter the number of shares (or dollar amount)
  3. Choose "Market Order" for simplicity
  4. Review and confirm your order
5

Set Up Automatic Investing

Configure automatic monthly purchases to invest consistently without thinking about it (Dollar-Cost Averaging).

Success! You're now a long-term investor. Check your portfolio quarterly at most—avoid the temptation to watch daily.

Managing Your Portfolio

Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA)

Invest a fixed amount at regular intervals regardless of market conditions. This strategy removes emotion from investing and can lower your average cost per share over time.

Benefits of DCA:
  • Removes timing guesswork
  • Reduces impact of volatility
  • Builds investing discipline
  • Automates wealth building

Portfolio Rebalancing

Periodically adjust your portfolio back to your target allocation. As some investments grow faster than others, your portfolio drifts from its intended balance.

Rebalancing Guidelines:
  • Review annually or semi-annually
  • Rebalance when 5%+ off target
  • Use new contributions to rebalance
  • Keep it simple—don't overthink